Skip to content
LORMA

Sources

Sources and further reading

All references used across Lorma. Bibliographic details are pending a final editorial check before public launch.

Primary source

  • Levtzion, N. and Hopkins, J. F. P., eds. and trans. Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History. Cambridge University Press, 1981. (Includes al-Bakri, al-‘Umari, Ibn Battuta and Ibn Khaldun.)
  • Hamdun, S. and King, N., trans. Ibn Battuta in Black Africa. Rex Collings, 1975.
  • Hunwick, J. O. Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sa‘di’s Ta’rikh al-sudan down to 1613 and Other Contemporary Documents. Brill, 1999.
  • Koelle, S. W. Outlines of a Grammar of the Vai Language. Church Missionary House, 1854.

Oral tradition

  • Niane, D. T. Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali. Trans. G. D. Pickett. Longman, 1965. (Based on the narration of the griot Mamadou Kouyaté.)
  • Conrad, D. C., ed. and trans. Sunjata: A West African Epic of the Mande Peoples. Hackett, 2004. (Narrated by Djanka Tassey Condé.)

Later scholarship

  • Gomez, M. A. African Dominion: A New History of Empire in Early and Medieval West Africa. Princeton University Press, 2018.
  • Levtzion, N. Ancient Ghana and Mali. Methuen, 1973.
  • Jeppie, S. and Diagne, S. B., eds. The Meanings of Timbuktu. HSRC Press / CODESRIA, 2008.
  • Dalby, D. “A Survey of the Indigenous Scripts of Liberia and Sierra Leone: Vai, Mende, Loma, Kpelle and Bassa.” African Language Studies 8 (1967): 1–51.

Museum & heritage

  • The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. “Empires of the Western Sudan: Mali Empire.” View source
  • UNESCO World Heritage Centre. “Timbuktu.” World Heritage List, no. 119. View source
  • UNESCO World Heritage Centre. “Old Towns of Djenné.” World Heritage List, no. 116. View source
  • UNESCO World Heritage Centre. “Tomb of Askia.” World Heritage List, no. 1139. View source
  • Berzock, K. B., ed. Caravans of Gold, Fragments in Time: Art, Culture, and Exchange across Medieval Saharan Africa. Block Museum of Art, Northwestern University / Princeton University Press, 2019.